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Ethiopia: Mengistu Haile Mariam found guilty of Genocide

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12/12/06

Permalink 10:34:18 am, by nazret.com, 672 words   English (US) latin1
Categories: Ethiopia

Ethiopia: Mengistu Haile Mariam found guilty of Genocide

Link: http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2006-12-12T144241Z_01_L12865859_RTRUKOC_0_UK-ETHIOPIA-MENGISTU.xml&pageNumber=0&imageid=&cap=&sz=13&WTModLoc=NewsArt-C1-ArticlePage3

Ethiopia's Mengistu found guilty of genocide
Tue Dec 12, 2006 2:43 PM GMT145

By Tsegaye Tadesse

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (Reuters) - Ethiopia's former ruler Mengistu Haile Mariam was found guilty in absentia of genocide on Tuesday at the end of a 12-year trial over his bloody rule.
Ethiopia: Mengistu Haile Mariam found guilty of Genocide
Mengistu, who now lives in Zimbabwe, was accused with top members of his military government of killing thousands during a 17-year rule which began with the toppling of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974 and included war, purges and famine.

"Members of the Derg (Mengistu's junta) who are present in court today and those who are being tried in absentia have conspired to destroy a political group and kill people with impunity," presiding Judge Medhen Kiros told the court.

The genocide verdict, which carries a death sentence, was passed by two votes to one on the three-judge panel.

Mengistu was ousted by guerrillas led by now Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and in 1991 fled to Zimbabwe, where he leads a luxurious though reclusive life.

He was tried in absentia in Addis Ababa with 73 others, including former Prime Minister Fikre Selassie Wogderesse and former Vice President Fissiha Desta.

Some 40 officials are in jail while 27 were tried in absentia. A few have died since proceedings began in 1992 and the trial formally started in 1994.

MENGISTU HAILE MARIAM
1937: Born in Walayitta
1974: Emperor Haile Selassie overthrown
1977-78: Thousands killed during Red Terror
1994: Genocide trial in Ethiopia begins
2006: Found guilty of genocide
Source: BBC

In the 1977-78 "Red Terror" campaign, the most notorious purge, suspected opponents were executed by garrotting or shooting. Their bodies were then tossed into the streets.

Many Ethiopians hope the verdict, postponed from May, will close the door on one of the country's darkest periods.

"Mengistu sought to right the wrongs made by his feudal predecessors but in the end he committed far greater wrongs than they did," businessman Ephraim Zwede said.

STRANGLING THE EMPEROR

The most prominent victim Mengistu is accused of killing was Emperor Haile Selassie, said to have been strangled in bed and secretly buried under a latrine in his palace.

According to prosecution charges, the former officials also killed more than 1,000 people, including the execution of 60 top officials, ministers and royal family members by firing squad.

Related Link
Zimbabwe oppo says time for Mengistu to go home

Witnesses have said family members who went to morgues to collect bodies of loved ones were asked to pay for bullets that killed them. Witness Gizaw Tefera said soldiers who killed his father cut his head off and offered it for auction at a market.

Mengistu Hailemariam found guilty

"No one wanted to buy my father's head," he said in 2000.

An Argentine forensic expert said some remains exhumed from mass graves showed victims were killed by garrotting.

"We found green nylon ropes knotted tight around their necks," forensic expert Mercedes Doreth said in 2002.

For months in 1984, Mengistu denied that famine was ravaging Ethiopia's north and aid workers have recalled how he flew in planeloads of whisky to celebrate the anniversary of his revolution. One million people starved to death.

Mengistu and his former officials face sentencing later in the month. They could be given the death penalty for genocide, which Ethiopian law defines as intent to wipe out political and not just ethnic groups.

Human rights groups expressed concern at the trial's length, but the prosecution says the complex nature of evidence, including signed execution orders, videos of torture sessions and personal testimonies, was what delayed the verdict.

Analysts say Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe is unlikely to hand over Mengistu now he has been found guilty.

His army helped train Mugabe's guerrillas in their fight against white minority rule.

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99 comments

Comment from: Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ [Visitor]
This is great news for Ethiopia.

One Dergue group down, and one more Dergue group to go.


.
12/12/06 @ 10:46
Comment from: Satenaw [Visitor]
The issue at hand is the woyanne cockroaches, Meles Zenawi and Co, not menge.

Mengistu is not the one who is killing our people right now. The one that should be eliminated is Meles and his Tigrean gangs at the moment.
12/12/06 @ 10:49
Comment from: Zelalem [Visitor]
Mengistu Haile Mariam is guilty but he is not guiltier than Meles Zenawi. The court has no moral ground to accuse anybody unless it can apply the law for the thief murderer Meles Zenawi in front of the gate of the court.

Anyway, Mengistu Hailemariam got what he deserves...he is bullshit who bleeded his own country and make her week enough to be ruled by such a minority of clicks of Meles.

12/12/06 @ 10:51
Comment from: lekim [Visitor]
In my opinion, this is not only about individuals but rather about the entire history and collective mindset of a bunch of lowlife bandits who looted & terrorized Ethiopia for over a century. Their entire self-serving and criminal concept of nationhood and history is on trail. They are the scoundrels of our society who murdered our diversity and very essence. Our history has to be rewritten in the name of the anonymous heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice. Let it be known to CUD and the rest of the career criminals that never again shall we allow ourselves to be ruled by patented village idiots and be murdered in our homes.
12/12/06 @ 10:52
Comment from: Yohanes [Visitor]
Funny. Meles, how about you?? How about you who is responsible for all those mess? do you know what Mengistue was trying to do? he was trying to defend his country and his people thats all.

But you Meles, its your turn now to be on trial. And snetnced you to hung over the poll.
12/12/06 @ 10:52
Comment from: rakkoo [Visitor]

WHEN IS MELES CONVICTED FOR GENOCIDE?
Meles need to be brought to court for the genocide he committed in the past 15years.
12/12/06 @ 10:54
Comment from: alolo123 [Visitor]
He deserves to be hanged in public. Looking at his picture is making sick as I type this.
12/12/06 @ 10:58
Comment from: Neutral [Visitor]
It is amazing that Colonel Mengistu has been tried by the same dictatorial regime. The killings of the innocents are still on to this day. So what is the difference between the Dergue and Woyane regimes? The only difference I see is that

1. Mengustu is darker in color ane Meles is a little lighter

2. Mengustu is full of hair and Meles is bald

3. Mengistu likes his military uniform and that dark blue khaki and Meles likes to dress up.

Well as I said their only difference is their appearance but their deed is the same eventhough the woyanes are a bit smarter tham Mengistu in their techniques killing their opponents.
12/12/06 @ 11:01
Comment from: Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ [Visitor]
Dergue People,

My condolesance to you all!

Satenaw,

tsin'atun yistih

.
12/12/06 @ 11:09
Comment from: Che Guevara [Visitor]
I welcome the news that Mengistu has finally met his fate, the precariousness of the execution of the sentence whatever that may be notwithstanding. The purpose of trying former dictators is not just retribution. It is to deter similar future would be dictators. It is unfortunate that 15 years on, we Ethiopians are experiencing yet another and, of course, more systematized, grave and ethnic-based atrocity in the person of Meles Zenawi. Meles should soon be stopped and brought to the court of law to face justice. Comparatively, Meles' crime is worse than Mengistu as it has put the country's very existence at risk. He is also responsible for ushering in Rwandan-style genocide, which is imminent unless this living vampire is stopped sooner than later. All dictators, past or present, deserve to account for their deeds!! !!!!!
12/12/06 @ 11:17
Comment from: abi [Visitor]
Only insane or child minds can compare the Dergue regime and EPRDF!!!Only insane or child minds can compare the Dergue regime and EPRDF!!!
Don’t be insane. insane.....insane!!!!
12/12/06 @ 11:17
Comment from: lekim [Visitor]
Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ, I don’t think the "Dergue" people should shed any tears over a street thug. Look at his pictures and surely he must be the ugliest creature who walked the face of this planet. I see a mixture of hyena blood in the family tree and he will make a good snack for the lions at the old imperial zoo.
12/12/06 @ 11:26
Comment from: yayeh [Visitor]
Oh it is funny, one dictator judging the other. Who supposed to be blamed for Deurg? You the Woyanes and the shabias who had a dream of destructing ethiopia. Mengistu had to defend that. Menge was really nationalist and always in defence of the nation even though the irregularities done in killing innocent people.

Compared with Melese, Mengistu had done a lot to our national interest. Melese and the Moron followers will face the next trial which i hope is bigger than the deurge.

Ethiopia Tikdem
12/12/06 @ 11:27
Comment from: Tedla Asfaw [Visitor]
Mengistu was found guilty of genocide today in Melese's court. Is this similar to the genocide in Darfur where the light skinned Arabs killed hundreds of thosands of black Africans and for which USA accused the Sudan regime? Which nationaliites were wiped out under Mengistu? Why the West did not accuse Mengistu then?

Mengistu battled the Eritrean and Tigrayan liberation fronts with the majority support of Ethiopians early in the struggle and it also fought street battles in major cities with EPRP which is known as white and red terror.

In the battle between the Ethiopian army and the liberation movements there is no doubt that a war crime on both sides occurred. It is not surprising that Melese who accused Kinijit leaders as committing genocide should come of a lesser verdict on Mengistu than genocide.

The battle between EPRP and Dergue and the loss of thousands of lives in our major cities is a crime both of the combatants should be accountable in an open and fair trial including the present regime which is currently engaged in killing and torture of opposition party members.

No government and opposition parties have a right to take somebody else life and citizens should be vigilant and expose all the killings of innocent lives in the past and at the present.

The time Mengistu, Melese, Isayas and others will face justice, happy day in Ethiopia, is not far and Melese's verdict is just another distraciton similar to the Mogadishu invasion.
12/12/06 @ 11:32
Comment from: hammere [Visitor]
Zelealem, yohannes, Satenaw ahiyaw,Che guevera donkey,Nuetral lair,rakoo korkoro:

My deepest condolences to you and your likes in the diaspora. We will bring you all to justice one by one. You shall never escape it.

Never shall you escape it indeed.
12/12/06 @ 11:38
Comment from: monitor [Visitor]
Dictators may run but will never hide from justice. The Meles regime court has set a historical precedence when they complete the trial and verdict of the former dectator. I am pretty sure that Meles and those who follow his ass will go thru the same prosecution process except that this time -- the trial won't take 14 years but 14 days -- and that unlike Mengistu, Meles will have the chance to defend himself at the Ethiopia court. Meles has no friends or a place to take refugee.

Both dectators will be incarcerated in a cell labeled "m&m".

12/12/06 @ 11:41
Comment from: Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ [Visitor]
Lekim,

Howcome the Ethiopian Review and Ethiomedia websites are keeping silent on this News?

hmmmm....interesting
12/12/06 @ 11:53
Comment from: Maji [Visitor]
One is down but the most scandalous of "our society and history" the Tyrant Meles yet to face the justice. Will the court has a gut and free to do the same on Meles? or is it just a public relation exercise to make another attention capturing business?
12/12/06 @ 11:54
Comment from: dd [Visitor]
leban leba biserkew
12/12/06 @ 12:06
Comment from: ruthsweet [Visitor]
tplf makes insane our people by ethnic division loting people property to single ethnic group
mengestu is national but dectater like meles
12/12/06 @ 12:06
Comment from: Zena [Visitor]
Dear all,

I strongly feel that people like Zelealem, Yohannes, Satenaw, Che guevera, Tedla Asfaw and Yayeh the like……… should be ashamed to forward such a snobbish and stupid argument.

Ethiopia have been in war with monstrous and regime like Mengistu which was doing its best to rule by force – until the gallant youth of Ethiopia raised their arms and crashed the dictator.

Yet the hypocrite AAPOs with the new name CUD comes along and attempting to impose their rotten agenda in the disguised name of Ethiopian Nationalism.

Don’t they remember the very fact that: the prime culprit among the causes for most of the turmoil Ethiopia experiencing is the unequal distribution of power and the lack of check and balance that prevents one group from dominating over the other as that was the case during the Haile Selassie and the Dergue era.

For our mother land to genuinely to develop, most of the historical dirty linen like CUD must be washed clean to build a stronger Ethiopia. Certain incontrovertible facts have already been exposed and must be eradicated in order to find the right cure for the disease that is afflicting Ethiopia.

I conclude by saying: God save Ethiopia from such hypocritical persons like Getu, Honest, Satenaw, Mimi etc….

My Gut feeling tells me that the above mentioned guys are GOOD for NOTHING but to spread hate and say something for the sake of it.

Regards, Zena
12/12/06 @ 12:08
Comment from: Zena [Visitor]
Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ, Lekim, alolo123 and hammere Well SAID guys.

Regards, Zena

12/12/06 @ 12:11
Comment from: habesha [Visitor]
I can't believe this!!!!!

Okay,

We are having a memorial service in Washington D.C. in honor of our holy leader mengistu. After the holy service we will end by condemning the zenawi government because he has committed genocide according to our own propaganda which we now believe is true.
After the demo, we will have dinner at the Kaliti mansion and food & drinks are all served free, paid by All-Amhara organization,American dergist society and additional donations from OLF.

Meeting info

Date: December 20
TIME: 6:00 am-8:00pm
Place: Mengistu monument pennsylvania avenue


ALL DERGISTS ARE INVITED!!!
12/12/06 @ 12:17
Comment from: bex [Visitor]
Mengistu might have his wrongs, but he is no more wrong than the current thugs running Ethiopia.

If some idiots think Meles & Cohorts are better, they are the ones who will tell you Iraq is better off now than it was under Saddam.

What genuine Ethiopians should do is forget all the hype about this new twist and uproot the current rotten government in Ethiopia and put in a new one from the people to the people.
12/12/06 @ 12:19
Comment from: nbraga [Visitor]
Meles is a killer, a torturer, a federal police, a local police, a solder, a prime monster and now a judge; this can only happen in Africa funny! Some one has to take his CHAT and alcohol away from him.
12/12/06 @ 12:28
Comment from: Dawit Solomon [Visitor]
I am not surprised because evil people get their price soon or later. The sad thing is that nothing will ever justfy what they do to innocent people even if they are puting to death. The loss of a love one or family will never be replaced. As we all know what goes around comes around. If what happen to them just like what they do to others, then that is the only way to justfy their evil work. If they can be killed a thousand times.

Mengst was the evil gay who killed from the king, higher educated people, to ordinary people and children. At least he was known as an evil one but he try to keep the country together!

Melese in other hand, he came on power in the name of democracy,dising the our flag and start splitting the country with borders and even with tripe. He put the country way back before even king Tewedrose time. He killes his oppositions and students on the street and still arresting and killing thousands on current time. He come up with democraticall election while he is still on power after 15 years. He is the evil of evil at present. God will give him his price. The one thing I support from all his work by helping the weak and poor Somalia government. I think Somalia need help from any other country. They are in the worst position of from all other countries in the world. He might use it as an excuse to stay on power but soon or later his time will come.
12/12/06 @ 12:28
Comment from: gabre [Visitor]
I welcome the news... no doubt what they did to Ethiopians. But thecurrent Ethnic based Mafia is doing far worse than the derue junta did.The judges themselves are servant of bloody dictator. Every one will have his/her turn for same trial.The current ethnic based mafia, who are terrorizing the whole country but claim to fight terrorists,who are undemocrat but preech a lot about it will face the same fate one day. Shall all true Ethiopians live forever in harmony!
12/12/06 @ 12:33
Comment from: Satenaw [Visitor]
As far as Ethiopians are concerned, the major crimes he (Menge) committed against Ethiopia & the Ethiopian people are, He let these Woyan Kichamams occupy, contaminate, and obliterate Ethiopia.

Yah, That was his main crime!
12/12/06 @ 12:37
Comment from: Alemtsehay [Visitor]
Zena, Yirgachefe and Lekim...Meles's best freinds... I am sure you can learn from Mengistu's mistakes today. Everything has time . Today is Mengistu turn , tomorrow will be your boss Meles . You will see...God has purpose...God has time. A Child killer will never escape..Meles might stay long but he will never scape from his crimes . I will repeat "a child killer will never scape"...please stop supporting tyrant and be with Ethiopian people stand for the truth " Ewinet tedebika atikerim" Zena , Yirgachefe please change. stand for the truth

Learn from Mengistu's mistakes.
12/12/06 @ 12:42
Comment from: Yirgacheffeeይርጋጨፍ [Visitor]
Satenaw,


As brutal as Mengistu was, I don’t think he’s totally to blame for the defeat of the Dergue Army. The Dergue Army was mainly defeted because of the lazy talkative verbal-tigers like you who’s only functioning muscle in their body is their big mouth.


Anyway Satenaw, cheer up! Maybe there will be a job for you as a palace bus-boy
12/12/06 @ 12:59
Comment from: tizita [Visitor]
It is acceptable the trial for abusing the country and the people for 17 years, but the present ruling party must put him self in the same trial for trying to destroy by putting other political parties'leaders in jail;Or release the people from jail which it happened during the election and after election 2005 and let them patrticipate in country's politcal,social,and economical activity freely.
12/12/06 @ 13:03
Comment from: melat nebiyou [Visitor]
I believe what white folk say; “Come around goes around”. He did what he deserves. I am not going to have any sympathy toward him. He killed lots of innocent people in Ethiopia. Some of them they lost their parents, sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, friends, and grand-parents. He lived in palace life in Ethiopia or Zimbabwe and suffers Ethiopian people. We are exile from our countries because of the politics parties. We have lots of educated people in the United States, Europe and all over the world. If they go to beloved country Ethiopia, Ethiopia will be the richest country of all over the world. The problems are as we Ethiopia do not like each others because we come from the poorest country. We are very envy of each others. We do not like people who are educated or better than us. That is why our countries never civilize.
12/12/06 @ 13:05
Comment from: lekim [Visitor]
Satenaw, My friend, you should look at the entire history of your murderous tribal regimes from cradle to the graveyard and you will find out that you have been digging out your own eternal grave for over a century now. Crash, burn and die my friend, ashes to ashes and the rest is history to be told the next generation.
12/12/06 @ 13:07
Comment from: ogaden. [Visitor]
It seems joke,when a tyrant judge another tyrant,the next trial will be justice one,the democratically elected gov,t,will judge the current murdered ato legasse.
12/12/06 @ 13:07
Comment from: challenger [Visitor]
"The trial focused on Mengistu's alleged involvement in the killing of nearly 2,000 people during a 1977-78 campaign known as the Red Terror." - AP

One person killed is one too many but what happened to the "close to a million people killed in the Red Terror" that we have been hearing all our lives?

We all know how many TPLF killed in a single day while the entire world was watching live on international media.

God knows how many more have to die in the process of bringing Woyane to a day like this.
12/12/06 @ 13:18
Comment from: OK [Visitor]
Is it by coincidence that the trial that took 12 years came to an end on the 12/12? Just to compare, the former Iraqi dictator, Sadam Hussein, was sentenced to death in a matter of months. But in Ethiopia, where people are famed for their patience, for their enduring and steady nature, the marathon trial took 12 very quiet years. Sadam Hussein is an Angel in comparison to Mengistu, but In spite of the cruelty and crime that Mengistu committed, Ethiopians don't seem to be that enthusiastic, in taking revenge immediately. The real verdict after all awaits the likes of Mengistu, not on this Earth, but before GOD, somewhere, far, far away...
12/12/06 @ 14:08
Comment from: Asmamaw [Visitor]
I hate ppl who talk from both sides of their mouth. Those of you who say menge is not guilty just say that and please do not relate this verdict to the current ethio-political situations.
The two systems are not comparable. mengee left most things intact that he inherited from HIM and whereas meles brought very radical change that was not practised in the empire.


Cheers.
12/12/06 @ 14:10
Comment from: The Cat [Visitor]
Satenaw,
U r one of those who are in trial in absentia.
U start paniking now. U r next, next to Kelbesa negeweo, who is enjoying his home-country!

Menge is about to go to his home country to fight somalia terriorists.
Finally:
nous vous chasserons un jusqu'à ce que la terre soit libre et propre. Plus de pitié pour toi types criminels.
12/12/06 @ 14:10
Comment from: coolman [Visitor]
At the risk of pissing off some people, I think a lot of emotion is involved here.
Personally, for the absolute majority of Ethiopians (who still reside in rural areas), in almost any area of debate, Meles is way better than Mengistu. Unfortunately, people have a very selective memory and forget easily things they do not wish to remember. What is the measurement? Unity ay any cost? Is that what makes him better than Meles? No doubt, Meles is no angel and surely a dictator but Mengistu was another league. He is responsible not just for 2000 people but for almost completely wiping out a generation. Many of the problems we have now are direct consequences of his ignorance, cruelty and incapability. Even though they do not like Meles, many will not forget and are not easy too fool.

So people, let us leave the church in the village.
The biggest crime here is that he may get away with it—unless a new government in Zimbabwe agrees to hand him over.

Peace
12/12/06 @ 14:18
Comment from: Yeha [Visitor]
previously one Mengistu being hunted down now Mengistu him self is on the line. Continues to be One another. Lekim, Yirgacheffee,Zena and others this is your struggle of result. Thanks guys
12/12/06 @ 14:56
Comment from: rakkoo2 [Visitor]
atleast he is an ethiopian.
12/12/06 @ 15:02
Comment from: Gomau [Visitor]
Meles and TPLF gangs have been killing our people for the last 32 + years.
12/12/06 @ 15:47
Comment from: Che Guevara [Visitor]
Coolman,
What you said is correct and acceptable. You do not have to worry about pissing off any one. Mengistu had done a number of great things to reckon with. At the same time he had committed crimes for which he should account. The bottomline is any one who has committed crime should face the strong arms of the law, whosoever he is. This holds true for the current tyrant Meles. The latter should also be held criminally liable for the crime of treason and crime against humanity that he committed against Ethiopia and Ethiopians respectively.
Adios [Hasta Luego]amigo.
12/12/06 @ 15:56
Comment from: pipino [Visitor]
One thing we don’t have to forget about melese what he has done the last couple months he is still killing innocent people he will go for death penalty period
12/12/06 @ 16:27
Comment from: pipino [Visitor]
sema melese you think this is funny what are you doing right now for Ethiopian peoples … we thought we have democracy but not, One thing all Ethiopians we don’t have to forget about melese what he has done the last couple months he is still killing innocent people you should go for death penalty instead of Mengistu Haile Mariam period
12/12/06 @ 16:42
Comment from: Hammere [Visitor]

My respect to genuine people like yirgacheffee,lekim,yeha,the cat, habesha,zena,alolo123..

you are great guys and lets keep alert of the hissing of these hungry snakes.

Ethiopia shall always prevail against its internal and external forces.
12/12/06 @ 16:44
Comment from: coolman [Visitor]
Che Guevara,

Thank you for your response. Emotions blind us often and we tend to generalize easily. I just could not resist writing my opinion on this because many equaled Meles with Mengistu, which I thought and think is wrong. Yes, who ever misuses his/her power and commits crime against humanity should be held accountable.

Peace
12/12/06 @ 16:50
Comment from: Meles [Visitor]
Well, I Love my country (Ethiopia)Meles and TPLF gangs have been killing our people for the last 15 + years.
12/12/06 @ 17:35
Comment from: dubeemmu [Visitor]
If Mengistu deserves death. What the current killer regime will deserve? Regime who exposed his own mother land without port, regime who divided his own people, regime who kills the mother of three in front of her kids, regime involved in unfair economic business, regime who converted the country from poor to the poorest, Regime who does not respect or hear his own people decision...what will he deserve?
12/12/06 @ 17:54
Comment from: Ra'Oeil ራዕይ [Member] Email
What's really new here?

It took them 15 years to find out the obvious?!

Meles can sleep without any worry... He has 17 years to go before he is threatened from power,15 years to be judged and many more before really facing justice: more than 32 to go? My God!

Although I think charges of "crime against humanity" would have been more appropriate in this case, I guess that the term "genocide" has different meaning in different courts and time...

* Last year a charge of "genocide" meant an outright "coup d'etat" by the accuser.

* Today it means "crime against humanity" while we are judging Menguistu et al.

* If we keep this trend, maybe one day we will finally arrive to its true meaning: genocide. That is, if and when we will wake up and find out that we have been actually witnessing a perpetual one since time immemorial... we are just too familiar to it to separately identify it from genuine governance. How sad!

DERG, EPLF, ICU, AIDS and TPLF are such afflictions.

Genocide: Stage, Characteristics and Preventive measures (source)

1.
Classification: People are divided into "us and them". "The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend... divisions."
2.
Symbolization: "When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of pariah groups..." "To combat symbolization, hate symbols can be legally forbidden; as can hate speech".
3.
Dehumanization "Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder." "Hate propaganda should be banned, hate crimes and atrocities should be promptly punished."
4.
Organization "Genocide is always organized... Special army units or militias are often trained and armed..." "To combat this stage, membership in these militias should be outlawed."
5.
Polarization "Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda..." "Prevention may mean security protection for moderate leaders or assistance to human rights groups..."
6.
Identification "Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity..." "At this stage, a Genocide Alert must be called..."
7.
Extermination "It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human." "At this stage, only rapid and overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide. Real safe areas or refugee escape corridors should be established with heavily armed international protection."
8.
Denial "The perpetrators... deny that they committed any crimes..." "The response to denial is punishment by an international tribunal or national courts."

Ra
12/12/06 @ 17:55
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